Records Committee
Submitted by Reed Bowman
Board of Directors Meeting, 22 October 2004
Accomplishments
The Records Committee of the Florida Ornithological Society met at
Archbold Biological Station in Lake Placid, Florida on 28 August 2004. Members
present and their term of expiration on the FOSRC were Reed Bowman (Secretary,
2005), Andy Kratter (2004), Jon Greenlaw (2006), Fred Lohrer (2007), Mickey
Wheeler (2008), Todd Engstrom (2009), and Sally Jue (2010).
1.
Meeting
convened at 08:15.
2.
Minutes of 24
January 2004 meeting at the Florida Museum of Natural History, Gainesville, FL
were reviewed, amended, and accepted as modified.
3.
The committee
considered the following reports submitted since our previous meeting:
04-526 - YELLOW-GREEN VIREO,
9 Sept. 2002, Key West (Monroe). This
report was the first of two of the same species at the same location, but
approximately one year apart submitted by the same observer. Both reports were
submitted in late 2003, thus it appeared that the 2002 observation was not
written until one year later, when the observer saw the second bird. Description was detailed, but not complete,
especially description of facial patterns, absence of wingbars assumed, but not
explicitly stated. Committee decided to request copies of original field notes
made at the time of the sighting, if available, and then re-evaluate. VOTE: 3 accept,
4 reject. UNRESOLVED
04-527 - YELLOW-GREEN VIREO,
30 August 2003, Key West (Monroe).
Second of two reports of this species from Key West, but this report
prepared only four days after sighting.
Description more detailed than the previous report, but still lacking
some pertinent details. No mention of color of crown or supercilium, yellow
edgings to remiges not typically “bright”, as described in the report, in
Yellow-green Vireo. No mention of wing bars or lack thereof. Apparently field notes were not taken because
none accompanied the report. VOTE: 6 accept, 1 reject. ACCEPTED.
04-528 - RED-FOOTED BOOBY, 8-9 November 2003, Boynton Inlet (Palm Beach). Detailed description and photographs of an adult bird perched on a light pole. Description excellent and photographs
diagnostic, clearly showing the overall topography of the bird and bright
reddish orange legs. Tail extremely worn and bird appeared to have been in
molt, consistent with the observation date.
VOTE: 7 accept, 0 reject.
ACCEPTED.
04-529 - DUSKY-CAPPED
FLYCATCHER, 5 February 2004, Emeralda Marsh, Tavares (Lake). Description by a single observer, no
photographs. Description at times contradictory to identification. Specifically
mentions lack of rufous on tail or elsewhere, but Dusky-capped Flycatcher has
conspicuous rufous edges to the primaries visible both in flight and perched.
The lack of rufous on the tail is diagnostic for Dusky-capped Flycatcher (as
well as LaSagra’s), but there was no mention of the angle at which the tail was
viewed; the rufous edges to the rectrices in other Myiarchus can be difficult
to see from above unless the tail is spread. No comparisons made to potentially
similar Myiarchus from Mexico, the Caribbean, or Central America. No
mention of vocalizations. Typically winter vagrant flycatchers remain in
Florida for some time, but no one else appears to have seen this bird. This
species not currently on Florida’s bird list and a first-state record requires
more convincing documentation. VOTE: 0 accept, 7 reject. REJECTED.
04-530 - WHITE-FACED IBIS, 21 January 2004, Lake City (Columbia). Description written by one observer, but bird seen by several, photograph submitted. Description and photo consistent, showing reddish tint to legs, pink facial skin, and red iris, which is diagnostic for this species. VOTE: 7 accept, 0 reject. ACCEPTED.
04-531 - RED-LEGGED HONEYCREEPER, 21 February 2004, Royal Palm Hammock, Everglades National Park (Dade). Description submitted by one person, bird observed by three people, photographs submitted. Description and photograph diagnostic of an adult male Cyanerpes.
No further issues regarding identification. Recent work by P. Sykes and L.
Manfredi suggest Cyanerpes is not uncommon in Miami cage bird
trade. An adult male in Florida at
mid-winter is not consistent with what would be the presumed timing of
vagrancy. As with previous reports of Cyanerpes, the Committee felt it
could not rule out a captive escapee, especially for a first-state record. More
probable for natural vagrants would be young (HY/SY) males or females, which
are more likely to occur as vagrants and less likely to be kept in captivity.
VOTE: 0 accept, 7 reject. REJECTED
(BASED ON UNCERTAINTY OF PROVENANCE).
04-532 - BROAD-TAILED
HUMMINGBIRD, 30 December 2003, Pensacola (Escambia). Description, photographs, and various feather
and wing measurements all diagnostic of an adult male. Full red gorget visible.
Photo of attenuated P10, rufous edging to some retrices R2, 3 make species
identity clear. VOTE: 7 accept, 0
reject. ACCEPTED.
04-533 - ALLEN’S HUMMINGBIRD,
15 December 2003, Tallahassee (Leon).
Description, photographs, and various feather and wing measurements all
diagnostic of an After-Hatch-Year female. Difficult to tell from female Rufous
Hummingbird, but wing length and the width of rectrix R5 were far outside the
95% confidence intervals of those measures in the larger Rufous Hummingbird. VOTE: 7 accept, 0 reject. ACCEPTED.
04-534 - ALLEN’S HUMMINGBIRD,
16 February 2004, Pensacola (Escambia).
Description, photographs, and various feather and wing measurements all
diagnostic of an After-Hatch-Year female. Difficult to tell from female Rufous
Hummingbird, but wing length and the width of rectrix R5 were far outside the
95% confidence interval of those measures in the larger Rufous
Hummingbird. VOTE: 7 accept, 0
reject. ACCEPTED
04-535 - BLACK-FACED
GRASSQUIT, 21-24 March 2004, Jupiter (Palm
Beach). Description submitted by one person, bird observed by several people,
video with audio submitted. Description and video diagnostic. Conical bill
typical of Tiaris, overall plumage pattern consistent with a
first-winter male beginning transition to adult plumage. Vocalization audible
on tape consistent. Not widely kept in captivity, especially young males. No
unresolved issues. VOTE: 7 accept, 0 reject.
ACCEPTED.
04-536 - BROAD-BILLED
HUMMINGBIRD, 20 December 2003, Gainesville (Alachua). Descriptions submitted by
three different observers with the bird having been observed on two different
days. Although some of the reports were quite detailed, the observers provided
conflicting evidence. Conflicting reports included whether the tails was white
tipped, the bill shape, and the color of the underparts. Each of these
characteristics is critical to determining the probable identity of this
species. No red was noted at the base of the mandible, a diagnostic character
of the Broad-billed Hummingbird, although it may be very difficult to see in
HY/SY females. In addition, no verifiable evidence, such as a photograph or
video was submitted by which the contradictory evidence could be resolved. This
species not currently on Florida’s bird list and a first-state record requires
more convincing and consistent documentation. VOTE: 0 accept, 7 reject.
REJECTED
04-537 - WHITE-FACED IBIS, 19 April 2004, Landfill Pond (Okaloosa). Description submitted by one person, bird observed by several people, excellent photographs submitted. Descriptions and photographs diagnostic of an adult bird in breeding plumage. No unresolved issues. VOTE: 7 accept, 0 reject. ACCEPTED.
04-538 - FORK-TAILED
FLYCATCHER, 23-27 July 2004, Coquina Key, St. Petersburg (Pinellas). Description
submitted by one person, bird observed by many people, excellent photographs
submitted. Descriptions and photographs diagnostic of an adult bird. No unresolved issues. VOTE: 7 accept, 0 reject. ACCEPTED.
04-539 - RED-BILLED
TROPICBIRD, 9 April 2004, 10 nm SE Looe
Key Marine Sanctuary (Monroe). Description submitted by one person, excellent
photographs submitted. Descriptions and photographs diagnostic of an adult
bird. Red-bill, long tail streamers, barred back, and extensive black in
primaries. No unresolved issues. VOTE: 7
accept, 0 reject. ACCEPTED.
04-540 - SOUTH POLAR SKUA, 26
June 2004, 100 nm E-SE of Cape Canaveral. Committee determined the bird was
seen closer to the territorial waters of the Bahamas rather than those of
Florida. The By-Laws of the FOSRC define Florida as follows:
All the area accorded to the
government of Florida by generally recognized law and treaty ("legal
Florida"), plus all the offshore area both within 200 miles of any point
of land in legal Florida, and nearer to such point of land than to land in any
other generally recognized legal jurisdiction.
Although the sighting was only
100 nm from Florida, it was not nearest to Florida, but rather the legal
jurisdiction of the Bahamas. For that reason, the Committee did not consider
the report and it was not voted on. Andy Kratter, one of the FOSRC members,
also is a member of the Bird Records Committee of the Bahamas and, with the
observer’s permission, the report was forwarded to him so that the Bahamian
committee can consider it. We believe that this report, if accepted, would
constitute a first record for the Bahamas.
04-541 - BLUE-BLACK
GRASSQUIT, 27 April 2004, St. George Island (Franklin). Detailed description
submitted by one person, excellent photographs submitted. The Committee was
concerned about the overall slenderness of the bill in the photographs that
seemed more typical of an icterid than a grassquit; however, geographical
variation in bill shape uncertain. In addition, some of the plumage
characteristics seemed inconsistent. The FLMNH has an extensive collection of Volatinia
and other grassquits and icterids of the region, thus the Committee voted
to Table discussion of this report until its January 2005 meeting at FLMNH,
where the collection could be used to evaluate this report. TABLED.
4. The Committee reviewed historical records of BULLOCKS ORIOLE
in Florida. At the time that the Northern Oriole was split into Baltimore and
Bullock’s Oriole, the FOSRC evaluated the occurrence of both these species for
elevation to the state list. We assumed that both would require little
evaluation. Two specimens of Bullock’s Oriole were easily available to the
Committee, one at Archbold Biological Station (ABS) and one at Tall Timbers Research
Station (TTRS). The specimen at ABS was originally collected by Dennis Paulson
in Dade Co, 24 December 1956. It was cataloged in the University of Miami
collection as UMRC 1437, but when that collection was dissolved, the specimen
was re=cataloged at ABS as ABS 483. The Committee evaluated this specimen and,
based on overall and ventral coloration and the lack of a noticeable
saw-toothed markings on the median coverts, that the specimen was likely a
female or first-winter Baltimore Oriole. Upon evaluating the TTRS specimen,
collected by Storrs Olson in Franklin Co, 17 Oct. 1964, we also concluded that
this specimen was a Baltimore Oriole. At the time, we did not have additional
specimens to consider thus Baltimore Oriole was added to the state list, but
Bullock’s was not, pending review of additional specimens. Subsequently,
several reports of Bullock’s Oriole in Florida were accepted, and previously
published photographs of the species in Florida were reviewed and accepted. In
2001, Bullock’s Oriole was added to the state list. We reviewed four additional
specimens purported to be Bullock’s Oriole collected in Florida and housed in
various museums.
04-542 - BULLOCK’S
ORIOLE, Princeton (Dade). Collected 11 January 1957. In the University of Miami
collection as UMRC 1403, but mistakenly referred to as UMRC 1437 in Stevenson
and Anderson (1994). Moved to the Field Museum of Natural History and
re-cataloged as FMNH 375099. This specimen was obviously a first-winter male
Bullock’s Oriole, with the start of a black throat, yellow supercilium, and
distinct black saw-toothed patterns to the median coverts. VOTE: 7 accept, 0 reject. ACCEPTED.
04-543 - BULLOCK’S ORIOLE, Princeton (Dade).
Collected 12 October 1957. In the University of Miami collection as UMRC 1631
then moved to the Field Museum of Natural History and re-cataloged as FMNH
375044. Based on overall and ventral coloration, plain face, lacking a distinct
supercilium, and the lack of a noticeable saw-toothed markings on the median
coverts, that the specimen was likely a female Baltimore Oriole. VOTE: 0
accept, 7 reject. REJECTED.
04-544 - BULLOCK’S
ORIOLE, Tallahassee (Leon). Collected 1 October 1966 and housed at the Florida
State University. The original catalog number FSU 6848c had been crossed our
and the number 2102 penciled in on the label. The bird was identified as a male
on the specimen label. This bird was fairly bright and more orange that the I.
glabula specimens. It had the distinctive black in the throat, a yellow
supercilium, and the median covert had the distinct saw-toothed pattern typical
of I. bullocki. VOTE: 7 accept, 0 reject. ACCEPTED.
04-545 - BULLOCK’S
ORIOLE, Miller’s Landing (Leon). Collected 4 February 1967 and housed at the
Florida State University. The original catalog number FSU 6848d had been
crossed our and the number 2101 penciled in on the label. The bird was
identified as a female on the specimen label.
Face grayish with no distinct dark eye-line. Chest yellow extending far
onto belly. No distinctive saw-toothed markings to median coverts, suggesting
female or first-winter male Baltimore Oriole. VOTE: 0 accept, 7 reject.
REJECTED
Thus, the Committee added two
additional records of Bullock’s Oriole to the state list. Of the six purported
specimens of Bullock’s Orioles known from museum collections, the FOSRC has
concluded that only two were actually Bullock’s Orioles and both were likely
first-winter male birds.
5. The committee reviewed a galley proof of an in press manuscript
intended for publication in an upcoming issue of Florida Field Naturalist By
B. Pranty and H. Lovell documenting the size and trends of Black-hooded
Parakeets in Florida. Appendix A of the FOSRC’s Rules and Procedures states
that
"Introduced species
(deliberate or inadvertent) are deemed to be established if there are
persistent records for at least 10 years and satisfactory evidence of
maintaining a reasonably stable or increasing population through successful
reproduction.”.
The Rules further define
“satisfactory evidence” as:
“evidence that the population has reached and
is maintaining a size large enough that it is not in serious danger of collapse
due to genetic deterioration through inbreeding... “Satisfactory evidence"
normally means that at least one detailed study of local population size and
breeding biology has been published in a reputable scientific source such as a
peer-reviewed journal or technical book. However, explosive population growth
by widely evident natural reproduction may be considered "satisfactory
evidence" if the population after 10 years can be shown to consist of
several thousand freely breeding adults over a wide geographic area.”.
The committee had previously
reviewed this manuscript and concluded that it presented convincing evidence
that the Black-hooded Parakeet is established in Florida. The manuscript was
treated as an original report of this species in Florida and cataloged as
follows:
04-546 - BLACK-HOODED
PARAKEET. Populations of this species have increased since the 1980’s,
demonstrating more rapid, almost exponential growth during the 1990’s. At the
same time, the apparent range of the species in Florida has expanded from being
detected on only 4 Christmas Bird Counts (CBC) in the early 1980’s to 16 CBCs
by 2003. At all of the 10 counties that have recorded Black-hooded Parakeets,
once the birds were first observed, their populations have persisted. Breeding
has been reported at many of these areas. The total population size was
conservatively estimated at 850 birds. VOTE: 7 accept, 0 reject. ACCEPTED.
Species add to the Official State List as an Established Exotic.
6. 14th Report of the FOSRC. The Committee reviewed the published report that
appeared in the 2004 issue of FFN 32(1), pages 7-33. The Secretary
requested that all members review the published report for potential
corrections. Addenda can be published with the 15th report, to be
prepared this fall that will include reports evaluated in 2003 and 2004. This
will bring the published reports completely up to date.
7.
EXOTICS SUBCOMMITTEE. Jon Greenlaw submitted a draft revision of
the “Criteria for Establishment” to be considered for amending that section in
Appendix A of the FOSRC Rules and Procedures. The mandate of the subcommittee
was to re-examine the FOSRC’s criteria for accepting the proposition that a
feral, exotic bird has become established in Florida and should be added to the
Official List of Florida Birds. Amending Appendix A requires a change to the
Rules and Procedures that must be approved by the entire FOS Board. Attached to
this report as Appendix A is a copy of the Rules and Procedures Appendix A as
it currently exists and the proposed amendment. Subcommittee members were J.
Greenlaw, A. Kratter, and F. Lohrer.
8. ARCHIVES SUBCOMMITTEE.
The Archives Subcommittee members were R. Bowman, F. Lohrer, A. Kratter,
and M. Wheeler. No report was submitted.
9. FOSRC web pages.
Secretary Bowman reported that he had been working closely with FOS Web
Master Kurt Radamaker. The FOSRC web page has recently been updated and is
up-to-date for inclusion of past reports of the FOSRC, including photographs of
species recently evaluated by the Committee. In addition, Radamaker had
developed an on-line documentation form, via which reports could be submitted
to the Secretary via e-mail. Bowman reported that he received 5 reports using
the on-line documentation form. It was suggested several fields could be added
to the on-line and official versions of the documentation form. A field for
specifically mentioning the county in which the observation took place would be
useful, as well as a field for an e-mail address. E-mail correspondence with
observers is vastly more efficient, but many observers give only their mailing
address. In addition, the form should explicitly state that if original field
notes were taken at the time of the observations, copies should be attached to
the documentation form or sent separately (in cases of electronic submission)
to the Secretary.
10. NEW BUSINESS: Secretary Bowman discussed several issues in
making the FOSRC catalog completely digital. Appropriate database management
protocols should be followed, making searching the database and compiling data
more effective. The Committee agreed that the FOSRC catalog system would change
slightly. The first evaluation of a report would receive an additional
numerical suffix. For example, the first evaluation of a report submitted in
2000 might be 02-491-1. Should that report ever be reevaluated, the numerical
suffix would increase to 02-491-2. This gives each evaluation a unique catalog
number, but sequential evaluations of the same report can easily be aggregated.
Bowman reported that the entire catalog should be digital by our January 2005
meeting, at which time he will provide a summary of the number of accepted and
not-accepted reports of all species on the review list.
11. Andy Kratter’s term on the Committee expires at the end of the
Fall 2004 meeting. However, Andy was appointed to the FOSRC to fill the term of
Bob Duncan, who resigned in 2002.
Because Andy served less than 4 years on the Committee as a replacement,
and in accordance with the Rules and Procedures, he is eligible for reappointment. Andy agreed to
continue his tenure on the FOSRC and the group voted to submit his name to
President Fran James for re-appointment to the Committee.
12. The Committee discussed the agenda for the January 2005
meeting to be held in Gainesville at the FLMNH. We agreed to deal with the
recent taxonomic split of the Canada Goose into the Canada Goose and the
Cackling Goose. In addition, we decided to once again tackle the issue of
Bicknell’s Thrush in Florida by trying to find and bring to the meeting
potential specimens of Bicknell’s Thrush collected in Florida.
13. For the Florida Birding Festival held October 8-10 at Eckerd
College in St. Petersburg, Reed Bowman prepared an hour-long PowerPoint
presentation entitled “How to document a rare bird sighting”. The talk was
attended by about 25 people. The talk was intended to improve the quality of
written reports submitted to the FOSRC.
14. As we did last year, the FOSRC requests an annual budget
allocation of $1000 to defray costs of disseminating reports to committee
members (copy costs, mailing etc.) and to help defray travel costs to members
of our biannual meetings.
15. Also attached to the report as Appendix B is an up-dated copy
of the FOSRC’s Official List of the Birds of Florida, which now stands at 491
species.
Submitted October 12, 2004
Reed Bowman, Secretary FOSRC
APPENDIX A
RECOMMENDED
REVISION OF PROVISIONS IN FOSRC BYLAWS FOR JUDGING THE STATUS OF NON-NATIVE
SPECIES IN FLORIDA
“Criteria for
Establishment” (Appendix A, section 3, p. 8)
An exotic species will be deemed “established” in Florida if a stable or increasing population of that species has persisted continuously in one or more areas for at least 15 years (Persistence Criterion) and meets one or both of the following additional criteria:
a. An exotic species that has exhibited rapid population growth by widely evident natural reproduction, accompanied by evidence of extensive range expansion within (and perhaps beyond) Florida, may be deemed “established.” The example of the Eurasian Collared-Dove in Florida during the late 20th century provides a model application of this rule (Population Growth and Range Expansion criteria), even though the origin of this species in the state may be in doubt. See 3b for publication requirement.
b. An exotic species for which there is acceptable evidence that successful nesting (fledged young) is a characteristic of one or more local populations of several hundred individuals, that this nesting activity is recruiting young adults into the population(s), that (if applicable) the population(s) have exhibited resilience in the face of major perturbations such as hurricanes or habitat disruptions, and that there is little or no evidence that ongoing releases play a significant role in population maintenance, may be deemed “established,” but only after such evidence as is available has been published in at least one scientific source (e.g., peer-reviewed journal, technical book), or after this evidence has been amassed by a Committee member or some other interested individual and reviewed by the Committee. In the last instance, a detailed analysis of the issue must be published in a suitable scientific source if a judgment of Establishment is rendered by the Committee. Furthermore, by extension, the requirement for publication applies to species considered “established” under section 3a as well.
c. Species that occur or have occurred in Florida as a result of unassisted vagrancy or dispersal from an Exotic population outside Florida, which clearly meets all tests of Establishment within their range, shall be evaluated as if they were Naturally Appearing even though they are Exotic. Thus, the placement of the House Finch on the State List, for example, does not require that it be evaluated for Establishment within Florida.
The intent of the flexible Persistence Criterion (“at least 15 years”) and phrasing in 3b above is to allow the Committee to exercise its own judgment in potentially uncertain or controversial cases, but only in the context of an evaluation of concrete biological evidence (including information on population sizes, trends, distribution, nesting success, importance of human intervention, etc.), and with the explicit enjoinder that the final judgment be a conservative one. Other records committees have pointed out that no simple set of rules or single time threshold can be devised to apply to all or even to most cases. A 10-year time rule may be adequate for short-lived species, but will not work for many long-lived birds, such as the larger parrots. Nevertheless, some persistence criterion is desirable, since time is necessary to establish population trends and to amass whatever information that might be useful (e.g., CBCs, BBS surveys, etc.). We increase our persistence criterion from 10 to 15 years to establish a somewhat more conservative “test-of-time” threshold that may be further extended at the Committee’s discretion for long-lived species or equivocal cases. Likewise, detailed information on population dynamics, genetic viability, or habitat relationships require in-depth studies that may not be forthcoming, or that may not appear in a timely manner (in a peer-reviewed journal). Thus, we seek here to codify an approach to decision-making that emphasizes flexibility under constraints of evidence review and conservative judgment.
3. Criteria for Establishment. The AOU Check-List, 6th ed. (1983,p. xx ), states, "Introduced species (deliberate or inadvertent) are deemed to be established if there are persistent records for at least 10 years and satisfactory evidence of maintaining a reasonably stable or increasing population through successful reproduction." This Committee follows those criteria but with several clarifications.
a. "Persistent records for at least 10 years" means satisfactory evidence of regular occurrence of a self-reproducing population within a defined geographic area continually throughout a 10 year period. It must be evident that the population within an area is maintained by a rate of natural reproduction that at least matches, preferably exceeds mortality, rather than by ongoing releases.
b. "Satisfactory evidence of maintaining a reasonably stable or increasing population" refers to evidence that the population has reached and is maintaining a size large enough that it is not in serious danger of collapse due to genetic deterioration through inbreeding. The minimum viable size differs among species depending on their mating systems, fecundity, and normal longevity. Populations with fewer than 30 actively breeding adults should be considered inadequate in any case, and populations of a few hundred breeding pairs generally are needed to provide reasonable assurance of genetic health. " Satisfactory evidence" normally means that at least one detailed study of local population size and breeding biology has been published in a reputable scientific source such as a peer-reviewed journal or technical book. However, explosive population growth by widely evident natural reproduction may be considered "satisfactory evidence" if the population after 10 years can be shown to consist of several thousand freely breeding adults over a wide geographic area.
c. "Through successful reproduction" means that successful reproduction of free-living individuals has been clearly documented; that evidence is available that such reproduction is regular and routine; and that no evidence suggests that ongoing releases play a significant role in population maintenance.
d. Resilience may be a useful secondary criterion for judging Establishment. Species that have survived major perturbations such as hurricanes, habitat disruptions, etc., and subsequently nevertheless have increased in numbers, may have demonstrated a degree of natural viability - they are not critically dependent on fragile habitat conditions and they are able to reproduce at a rate greater than the minimum necessary for replacement of breeders.
e. Species that occur or have
occurred in Florida as a result of unassisted vagrancy or dispersal from an
Exotic population outside Florida which clearly meets all tests of
Establishment within their exotic range, shall be evaluated as if they were
Naturally Appearing even though they are Exotic. Thus, the placement of the
House Finch on the State List, for example, does not require that it be
evaluated for Establishment within Florida.
Appendix B.
Official State List of the
Florida Ornithological Society Records Committee
A list of bird species definitely having occurred in
Florida by Natural Appearance or by Establishment of an Exotic. The base list
shall be the Supplement: Checklist of Florida Birds, pp. 255-260 in Robertson
& Woolfenden (1992), as updated by Final Decisions of the Florida
Ornithological Society’s Records Committee. Established Exotics (e); extinct
native species (x) and Disestablished Exotics (de); and species listed without
Verifiable Evidence (s) shall be so annotated. Sibling Species Groups may be
included without reference to a particular underlying species but shall not be
counted in any total of species found in Florida unless none of the underlying
species are on the State List.
Species in the list below annotated with an * should be
documented when seen in Florida and submitted to the FOSRC for review. In
addition, documentation should be submitted to the FOSRC for any species
observed in Florida, believed to have occurred naturally or to have escaped,
but not appearing in the main list of the aforementioned publication.
This list incorporates
changes made in the 42nd, 43rd, 44th and 45th Supplements to the AOU
Check-list, as published in The Auk 117: 847-858 (2000); 119:897-906
(2002); 120:923-932 (2003); 121:985-995 (2004).
Amended, August 28, 2004
ANATIDAE
Dendrocygna autumnalis Black-bellied
Whistling-Duck.
Dendrocygna bicolor Fulvous
Whistling-Duck
Anser albifrons Greater
White-fronted Goose.
Chen caerulescens Snow
Goose.
Chen rossii Ross's
Goose. *
Branta canadensis Canada
Goose.
Branta bernicla Brant.
Cygnus columbianus Tundra
Swan.
Cairina moschata Muscovy
Duck. (e)
Aix sponsa
Wood
Duck.
Anas strepera Gadwall.
Anas penelope Eurasian
Wigeon.
Anas americana American
Wigeon.
Anas rubripes American
Black Duck.
Anas platyrhynchos Mallard.
Anas fulvigula Mottled
Duck.
Anas discors Blue-winged
Teal.
Anas cyanoptera Cinnamon
Teal.
Anas clypeata Northern
Shoveler.
Anas bahamensis White-cheeked
Pintail. *
Anas acuta
Northern
Pintail.
Anas crecca Green-winged
Teal.
Aythya valisineria Canvasback.
Aythya americana Redhead.
Aythya collaris Ring-necked
Duck.
Aythya marila Greater
Scaup.
Aythya affinis Lesser
Scaup.
Somateria spectabilis King
Eider. *
Somateria mollissima Common
Eider.
Histrionicus histrionicus Harlequin
Duck.
Melanitta perspicillata Surf
Scoter.
Melanitta fusca White-winged
Scoter.
Melanitta nigra Black
Scoter.
Clangula hyemalis Long-tailed
Duck.
Bucephala albeola Bufflehead.
Bucephala clangula Common
Goldeneye.
Lophodytes cucullatus Hooded
Merganser.
Mergus merganser Common
Merganser. *
Mergus serrator Red-breasted
Merganser.
Nomonyx dominicus Masked
Duck. *
Oxyura jamaicensis Ruddy
Duck.
PHASIANIDAE
Meleagris gallopavo Wild
Turkey.
Colinus virginianus Northern
Bobwhite
GAVIIDAE
Gavia stellata Red-throated
Loon.
Gavia pacifica Pacific
Loon.
Gavia immer Common
Loon.
PODICIPEDIDAE
Tachybaptus dominicus Least
Grebe. *
Podilymbus podiceps Pied-billed
Grebe.
Podiceps auritus Horned
Grebe.
Podiceps grisegena Red-necked
Grebe. *
Podiceps nigricollis Eared
Grebe.
Aechmophorus occidentalis Western
Grebe. *
DIOMEDEIDAE
Thalassarche chlororhynchos Yellow-nosed
Albatross. *
PROCELLARIIDAE
Pterodroma hasitata Black-capped
Petrel.
Calonectris diomedea Cory's
Shearwater.
Puffinus gravis Greater
Shearwater.
Puffinus griseus Sooty
Shearwater.
Puffinus tenuirostris Short-tailed Shearwater. *
Puffinus puffinus Manx
Shearwater. *
Puffinus lherminieri Audubon's
Shearwater.
HYDROBATIDAE
Oceanites oceanicus Wilson's
Storm-Petrel.
Oceanodroma leucorhoa Leach's
Storm-Petrel.
Oceanodroma castro Band-rumped
Storm-Petrel.
PHAETHONTIDAE
Phaethon lepturus White-tailed
Tropicbird.
Phaethon aethereus Red-billed Tropicbird.
*
SULIDAE
Sula dactylatra Masked
Booby.
Sula leucogaster Brown
Booby.
Sula sula
Red-footed
Booby.
Morus bassanus Northern
Gannet.
PELECANIDAE
Pelecanus erythrorhynchos American
White Pelican.
Pelecanus occidentalis Brown
Pelican.
PHALACROCORACIDAE
Phalacrocorax auritus Double-crested
Cormorant.
Phalacrocorax carbo Great
Cormorant.
ANHINGIDAE
Anhinga anhinga Anhinga.
FREGATIDAE
Fregata magnificens Magnificent
Frigatebird.
ARDEIDAE
Botaurus lentiginosus American
Bittern.
Ixobrychus exilis Least
Bittern.
Ardea herodias Great
Blue Heron.
Ardea alba
Great
Egret.
Egretta thula Snowy
Egret.
Egretta caerulea Little
Blue Heron.
Egretta tricolor Tricolored
Heron.
Egretta rufescens Reddish
Egret.
Bubulcus ibis Cattle
Egret.
Butorides virescens Green Heron.
Nycticorax nycticorax Black-crowned
Night-Heron.
Nyctanassa violacea Yellow-crowned
Night-Heron.
THRESKIORNITHIDAE
Eudocimus albus White
Ibis.
Eudocimus ruber Scarlet
Ibis. *
Plegadis falcinellus Glossy
Ibis.
Plegadis chihi White-faced
Ibis. *
Ajaia ajaja Roseate
Spoonbill.
CICONIIDAE
Mycteria americana Wood
Stork.
CATHARTIDAE
Coragyps atratus Black
Vulture.
Cathartes aura Turkey
Vulture.
PHOENICOPTERIDAE
Phoenicopterus ruber Greater
Flamingo.
ACCIPITRIDAE
Pandion haliaetus Osprey.
Elanoides forficatus Swallow-tailed
Kite.
Elanus leucurus White-tailed
Kite.
Rostrhamus sociabilis Snail
Kite.
Ictinia mississippiensis Mississippi
Kite.
Haliaeetus leucocephalus Bald
Eagle.
Circus cyaneus Northern
Harrier.
Accipiter striatus Sharp-shinned
Hawk.
Accipiter cooperii Cooper's
Hawk.
Accipiter gentilis Northern
Goshawk. *
Buteo lineatus Red-shouldered
Hawk.
Buteo platypterus Broad-winged
Hawk.
Buteo brachyurus Short-tailed
Hawk.
Buteo swainsoni Swainson's
Hawk.
Buteo albonotatus Zone-tailed
Hawk. *
Buteo jamaicensis Red-tailed
Hawk.
Buteo regalis Ferruginous
Hawk. *
Buteo lagopus Rough-legged
Hawk. *
Aquila chrysaetos Golden
Eagle.
FALCONIDAE
Caracara plancus Crested
Caracara.
Falco tinnunculus Eurasian
Kestrel. *
Falco sparverius American
Kestrel.
Falco columbarius Merlin.
Falco peregrinus Peregrine
Falcon.
RALLIDAE
Coturnicops noveboracensis Yellow
Rail.
Laterallus jamaicensis Black
Rail.
Rallus longirostris Clapper
Rail.
Rallus elegans King
Rail.
Rallus limicola Virginia
Rail.
Porzana carolina Sora.
Porphyrula martinica Purple
Gallinule.
Gallinula chloropus Common
Moorhen.
Fulica americana American
Coot.
ARAMIDAE
Aramus guarauna Limpkin.
GRUIDAE
Grus canadensis Sandhill
Crane.
Grus americana Whooping
Crane. (x)
CHARADRIIDAE